General Characters Of Phycomycetae
Most people agree that the Phycomycete are the oldest group of fungi. For a very long time, they were mistakenly believed to be "algal fungi" due to their physical similar to algae. Their lack of chlorophyll was thought to be the cause of their diminished capacity to produce organic food. Supporters of this viewpoint overlooked the most significant physiological distinctions between fungal and algae, focusing exclusively on their morphological similarities. The general characteristics of the Phycomycete are explained under the following headings:
Occurrence
1.This class's members can be found on an extensive variety of substrata. Most of the genera are marine or freshwater in nature.
2."Water 2" is the name given to the aquatic one fungi."While some are saprophytic on hidden plant and animal waste, others are amphibious in nature, and still others are terrestrial, some are parasitic on plants like algae and on animals like fish and insects.
3. While some advanced terrestrial species create mycorrhizal associations with Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and nearly all Angiosperm families, many of these species thrive on Angiospermic plants and infect them with disease.
Fungi
Asexual reproduction
1.It occurs via the production of aplanospores or zoospores. Within a sporangium, the number of spores is constantly endless. Zoospores can have one or two flagella. The whiplash-type flagellum of uniflagellate zoospores can be positioned directly or posteriorly. The anterior or lateral end of the biflagellate zoospores is equipped with flagella. One flagella is of the whiplash kind, while the other is of the tinsel type.
2. Sporangia, which are asexual sexual organs that mimic Ascomycetes conidia on the surface, are generated in some orders. The ideal temperature range for them to grow into biflagellate zoospores is between 18 and 22 degrees Celsius, with a relative dryness of 100%. However, when the temperature is at its ideal 24°C and the level of moisture is lower, they directly germinate by creating a germ tube to build a new thallus.In this way, the sporangium acts as a conidium. Conidiosporangium is the name for this kind of sporangium that serves two purposes.
3. Flagella are absent from aplanospores. Unfavorable surroundings are used in their production. A sporangium is strongly smaller and is referred to as a sporangium as one or very few aplanospores grow in it.
Sexual Reproduction
1.Phycomycetae are unique from other Emophyte groups in that a form of occurs directly following plasmogamy.
2. A homothallic or heterothallic thallus is possible.
3. Certain species are holocarpic, meaning that the complete thallus generates gametes. Certain genera, known as spores of, are geocarpic, meaning that they only produce gametes in their sex organs. Both flagellated zoogametes or monoflagellated aplanogametes join together gametes. Zoogametes belong to genera where breeding can be isogamous (i.e., the joining zoogametes have similar sizes), anisogamous (i.e., the uniting zoogametes have unequal sizes), or oogamous (i.e., the female gamete is non-motile and called an egg, and the gamete that is male is flagellated).
4. When there is zoogamy, the female gametangium is referred to as oogonium and the male gametangium as antheridium.
5. Isogamous or oogamous reproduction occurs in genera containing aplanogametes. The zygote may not move at all during its early development, or it may move for a while.
Systemic position fungi
Economics Importance of Fungi
The positive and negative activities of fungi have a direct or indirect impact on human life, making them extremely important economically. They can be used as food, in the brewing and baking industries, for the commercial production of different acids, alkaloids, steroids, antibiotics, vitamins, and other materials, for biological control of soil-borne diseases, and even for scholarly research. However, they also ruin our nutritional needs and spread diseases to people, animals, and plants.
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